| Elements of DUI/DWI Offenses Involving Operation of Aircraft |
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| It is unlawful for any person who is under the influence of intoxicating liquor or drugs to drive, operate, or take actual physical control of a motor vehicle in a public place. This is commonly referred to as driving under the influence (DUI) and operating under the influence (OUI). This offense also applies to operating aircraft, and many states specifically list an aircraft as a type of "vehicle" included in the applicable vehicle code. Other states cover the operation of an aircraft in a separate section within its code. More... |
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| DUI in a School Zone |
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| In general, all states provide for maximization of penalties when a driving offense involves a school bus or it is committed within a school zone. New Jersey is unique in establishing a law imposing stiff penalties for drunk driving and other serious traffic offenses when committed in the vicinity of a school or a school crossing. More... |
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| Elements of Criminal Offense of DUI Manslaughter |
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| If a driver's act of drunk driving results in the death of another person, the driver will be charged with some form of homicide. Some states, however, treat the offense as a form of aggravated drunk driving, variously described as, inter alia, "vehicular manslaughter", "manslaughter with a vehicle," "negligent homicide manslaughter," or "DUI manslaughter." More... |
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| Penalties for Traffic Device Control Violations |
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| Most states maintain statutes directing motorists to obey traffic control devices, including green, yellow, and red signals or arrows, lane direction control signals, stop signs, and yield signs. In addition to directing drivers to obey the directions of traffic control devices, the governing statute will explain the appropriate driver responses to traffic control devices. For example, a statute may direct that a driver stop at a clearly marked stop line as the driver approaches a flashing red light used in a traffic control device or with a traffic sign. These statutes also direct driver responses in the event the traffic control signal is out of operation or functioning improperly. More... |
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| Admissibility of Field Sobriety Tests in Drunk Driving Cases¤ |
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| There are three standardized field sobriety tests (FSTs) that make up the Standardized Field Sobriety Test battery. They include the horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN) test, the "walk and turn" test, and the "one-leg stand" test. The HGN test refers to an involuntary jerking as the eyes gaze toward the side. When intoxicated, a person's smooth and accurate control of his or her eye movements will break down. The walk and turn test and the one-leg stand test are referred to as the "divided attention" tests, which simulate the mental and physical capabilities a driver needs to drive safely. Of the three FSTs, the HGN is considered the most reliable field sobriety test, especially when used in combination with the divided attention tests. More... |
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